The Damages of Widespread Migration of Afghans to Foreign Countries

Migration is recognized as a global phenomenon that has existed from ancient times to the present day. This phenomenon cannot be halted or prevented because it is acknowledged as a legal and accepted practice worldwide, with specific rights allocated for migrants. However, Afghanistan, due to its prolonged and historical crises, has faced migration deeply and seriously. Currently, millions of Afghan citizens reside worldwide, and alongside them, millions more are either in the process of migration or planning to leave the country in the near future to settle elsewhere. Migration from Afghanistan to foreign countries has increased due to security issues, economic poverty, a lack of job opportunities, and social challenges. For many Afghan families, it represents a difficult crossroads: to stay and persevere or to leave and face the uncertainties of migration.

While migration can bring numerous benefits, such as new opportunities and expanded horizons, it also comes with significant damages that can create countless problems for many families.

This article examines the damages of Afghan migration abroad and its human, social, and cultural impacts.

Human Damages

The migration process often entails life-threatening and physical risks for many individuals. Fleeing unsafe areas, staying in temporary camps, and facing health challenges are some of the factors that make migration dangerous. Food shortages, inadequate access to medical services, and enduring unfavorable travel conditions expose migrants to new risks.

It is often reported and heard that many people lose their lives attempting illegal migration, traversing dangerous routes, and using unsafe transportation methods. Drowning at sea due to overloaded ships and boats, or during storms and strong winds, is one of the most tragic events frequently witnessed. Additionally, some individuals remain in refugee camps in various countries for long periods. This causes them to lose many life opportunities while also grappling with the challenges and difficulties of camp life, leading to psychological and physical disorders, and in some cases, even death. A prominent example of this can be observed among Afghan migrants residing in Indonesia.

Social Damages

Afghan migrants face social and cultural challenges in host countries. These challenges include racial discrimination, unequal access to job and educational opportunities, and cultural restrictions on participating in host communities. Experiencing discrimination and inequality can lead to increased feelings of insecurity and social isolation. The situation of Afghan migrants in Iran and the way the government and its citizens treat them serve as a notable example. The superiority complex and racism of Iranian citizens toward foreign nationals, especially Afghans, have made life challenging for Afghan migrants and refugees, posing significant barriers to their integration into the host society.

Cultural Damages

The loss of cultural identity and the rapid change in social values are among the most significant cultural damages caused by migration. Migrants may lose part of their cultural identity as they adapt to host societies. This issue is particularly evident in younger generations and children who grow up in the destination countries. Importantly, while the younger generation and children may become familiar with the new culture, language, and environment more quickly and accept them more easily, adults—who have lived their lives rooted in their religion, culture, and values—may struggle to adapt. For them, the new environment and culture may even become intolerable.

Conclusion

Despite the potential for new opportunities, Afghan migration abroad brings many negative consequences. To mitigate these damages, it is crucial that families planning to migrate conduct a thorough feasibility study in advance. This involves a comprehensive evaluation of the destination country, including its cultural environment, language, employment, education, and other factors. A detailed analysis and understanding of the potential for adaptation to the host country’s environment can help prevent possible damages and ensure a more informed decision-making process.